Referencing

Writing references

What is referencing?
How do I insert references into my work?
Where can I get more help?

Managing references

How can I keep track of my references?
Are there any tools that can help me?
Where can I get more help?

Harvard

The Harvard (or author-date) style is one of the most common referencing styles and is used in many different subjects.

About the Harvard Style
Setting out references
Setting out citations
Setting out quotations

Numeric

The Numeric referencing style is commonly used in science subjects.

About the Numeric Style
Setting out references
Setting out citations
Setting out quotations

MHRA

The MHRA style is usually used in humanities subjects like arts or languages. It is defined by the Modern Humanities Research Association.

About the MHRA Style
Basic guide to MHRA
Full MHRA Style Guide

FAQs

How do I write a reference for a source without an author?
What should I do if I use lots of pages from the same website? How would I reference this in my bibliography – would I have to list all of the pages?
If I access an online journal, but print the article out and read it on paper, do I still refer to it as on online journal?
Should I include a very long URL for an online journal article or a webpage?
If there is a town and county/state on the title page, do I include both in my reference?
If more than one publisher is mentioned, should I list them all?
If I am citing a chapter, should I put the author of the chapter in my citation, or the editor of the book?
If a book has reprinting dates, do I have to take the reprinting date as a new publishing date and new edition accordingly, or should I take the original publication date only?
How do I cite the ideas of an author that I have read about in the work of a different author?
What do I do if there is no publication date?
Do I have to write the title of an item (book, chapter, article etc.) with a capital letter on every word?
I often see the abbreviations ibid., op. cit. and et al. in lists of references. What do they mean?
Can I put the authors name in full instead of using the initials?
How do I reference material in a foreign language?
How do I reference something I read in translation?
Should I include the ISBN?
If I use a table/graph etc from a source and then adapt it to use in my own assignment how do I reference it?
What is the difference between p. and pp.?
Why are titles written in italics in the reference list/bibliograpy?

Information on...

How can I keep track of my references?
References and citations explained
Where can I get more help?

How do I insert references into my work?
What is referencing?

Comment on this page or get in touch through our feedback form or find key contact details.