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Medieval and Renaissance reception

Ovid homepage
Learn about the remarkable Brotherton Collection copy of the works of Ovid, printed in Parma in 1477. Discover who owned the books, and who might have added the hundreds of marginal annotations and colourful illustrations.
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Shelf of Brotherton incunabula
Notes on incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds.
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The Brotherton Ovid
Notes on the unique aspects of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Condition and binding
Notes on the condition and binding of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Brotherton Ovid provenance
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. FInd out more about the provenance of the books.
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Dietrich von Plieningen
Dietrich von Plieningen was a former owner of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Chancellor Leonhard von Eck
Leonhard von Eck was a former owner of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Oswald von Eck
Oswald von Eck was a was a former owner of one of the items held at Special Collections at Leeds University, a three volume set of the works of Ovid printed in Parma in 1477. He added the numerous annotations and drawings that appear in the margins.
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Georg Kloss
Georg Franz Burkhard Kloss was a former owner of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Bookplate of William Horatio Crawford
William Horatio Crawford was a former owner of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Photograph of Lord Brotherton, 1926
Edward Allen Brotherton acquired one of the most remarkable items held at Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. This set of three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) contains the works of the Roman poet Ovid. The books were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Brotherton Ovid cutting with illustrations
People associated wtih the copy of the works of Ovid printed in Parma in 1477 and held at Special Collections at the University of Leeds.
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Sebastian Linck
Sebastian Linck is associated with three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Philipp Melanchthon
Philipp Melanchthon is associated with three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Samuel Leigh Sotheby funerary monument
Samuel Leigh Sotheby is associated with three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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J. Alexander Symington
J. Alexander Symington is associated with three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Ovid portrait from Nuremberg Chronicle
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. FInd out more about the Roman poet Ovid.
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Metamorphoses
Notes on the works of Ovid. Part of a digital resource on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477.
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Pyramus and Thisbe
Part of a digital resource on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Learn more about the reception of Ovid's works in the medieval and Renaissance periods.
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Brotherton Ovid annotations
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Discover more about the annotations that accompany the printed text.
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Brotherton Ovid Heroides
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Discover more about the annotations that accompany the Heroides
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Drawing from Amores
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Discover more about the annotations that accompany the Amores
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Brotherton Ovid - Silenus and a satyr
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Discover more about the annotations that accompany the Art of Love and Cures for Love
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Brotherton Ovid drawings
Notes on three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Discover more about the annotations that accompany the Fasti
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Brotherton Ovid drawings - Callisto and Arcas
Notes on the visual marginalia in three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. Discover more about the drawings that accompany the printed text.
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Brotherton Ovid man on horseback
Notes on the visual marginalia in three incunabula (books printed in Europe before 1501) kept in Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The books contain the works of the Roman poet Ovid and were printed by Stephanus Coralllus in Parma in 1477. List of illustrations to the Fasti.
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Ovid Opera Volume 1. Detail from sixth front flyleaf verso
View a high-resolution digitised version of the first volume of Ovid's Opera, held in Special Collections at Leeds University Library.
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Ovid Opera Volume 1. Detail from aa2r
View a high-resolution digitised version of the first volume of Ovid's Opera, held in Special Collections at Leeds University Library.
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Ovid Opera Volume 1. Detail from A2r
View a high-resolution digitised version of the first volume of Ovid's Opera, held in Special Collections at Leeds University Library.
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Ovid's works were immensely popular in the European Middle Ages and Renaissance: indeed, Ovid was rivalled only by Virgil for the title of most widely read poet of classical antiquity.

Throughout this period the Metamorphoses was the best known of all Ovid's works, although at times the Heroides challenged it for supremacy, being a perennially popular school text.

Part of the reason for the huge popularity of Ovid's works was their perceived suitability as educational texts with the exception of the Amores and Ars amatoria, whose sexual content and morally dubious attitudes meant that they were usually excluded from the schoolroom,

Ovid's poems were seen as ideal texts for young students to start learning learn good – but not too difficult – Latin, and they lent themselves easily to excerpting for use in teaching. The stories and situations described in his poems provided excellent material for exercises in stylistic imitation and ethical debate.

Ovid's texts were used for the grammatical, stylistic and encyclopaedic content they furnished and their mythological subject matter. The Metamorphoses, Heroides and Fasti were valuable sources of Greco-Roman mythology.

The influence of the Metamorphoses on the visual arts was immense, from illustrations in manuscripts and printed books to paintings and sculptures.

Ovid's treatments of myth also inspired allegorical readings, attempts to make sense of pagan mythology from a Christian perspective: the medieval allegorical tradition is exemplified by the Ovide moralisé and Ovidius moralizatus of the 14th century, which rewrote the stories told by Ovid in the Metamorphoses, repackaging them for a Christian audience.

In the 16th century, these texts were printed in an adaptation as the Bible des poëtes (Poets Bible). Ovid's standing as a model for poetic imitation and emulation was of biblical proportions!

The Fasti was less popular than the Metamorphoses, but attracted interest for its mythological content, and among Renaissance humanists interested in Roman antiquarianism; this is especially evident in the work of the Roman Academy in the 15th century.

Ovid's calendar poem also inspired imitators: 16th century neo-Latin poets wrote their own "sacred Fasti", and the genre became a battleground for Catholics and Reformers.

Dr Paul White