Evolving drafts of 'Once the siege...'

Simon Armitage – translating Gawain

Notes and drafts for Simon Armitage's translation of 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight' show how his working practices evolved as he worked on the poem.

Introduction by Simon Armitage

Introduction to resource, written by Simon Armitage

Evolving drafts of 'Once the siege...'

Description of the evolving drafts in Simon Armitage's translation of Gawain

Gawain first section drafts from BC/MS20c/Armitage/2/9

‘Once the siege…’ in the early notebook

Earliest draft for Gawain.

First version of ‘Once the siege…’ in the Gawain notebook

Drafts for first section of Gawain from Gawain notebook, page one.

Second version of ‘Once the siege…’ in the Gawain notebook

Drafts for first section of Gawain from Gawain notebook, pages two and three.

Third version of ‘Once the siege…’ in the Gawain notebook

Drafts for first section of Gawain from Gawain notebook, pages four and five.

Gawain first section typed draft from Early Notes file BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1

Early drafts of ‘Once the siege…’

Description of first typed up draft of first stanza of 'Gawain'.

Gawain first section early notes from BC/MS 20c/Armitage/1/21/1

Early notes for ‘Once the siege…’

Description of annotated printout of first stanza of Gawain.

Gawain first section, draft #1 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1

First draft of ‘Once the siege…’

Description of first typescript draft of first stanza of Gawain

Gawain first section typed draft #2 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1

Second draft of ‘Once the siege…’

Description of second typed up draft for first stanza in 'Gawain'

Gawain first section typed draft #3 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1

Third draft of ‘Once the siege…’

Third typed draft of first stanza of 'Gawain'.

Gawain first section typed draft #4 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1

Fourth draft of ‘Once the siege…’

Fourth typed up draft of first stanza of 'Gawain'.

‘Once the siege…’: lines in detail

Description of development of first two lines of 'Gawain'.

Evolving drafts of 'Now through England's realm...'

Description of drafts for lines 691-739.

'Now through England's realm...' in the Gawain notebook

Description notebook drafts for lines 691 - 739, Gawain.

First version of 'Now through England's realm...' in the Gawain notebook

Second pages of drafts

Second version of 'Now through England's realm...' in the Gawain notebook

Third page of drafts in Gawain notebook

Third version of 'Now through England's realm...' in the Gawain notebook

Pages of drafts from Gawain notebook.

Gawain line 691 section early notes from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1 (1of2)

Early notes for 'Now through England's realm...'

Typescript early notes for lines 691 - 739, Gawain.

Gawain line 691 section typed draft #1 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1 (1of2)

First draft of 'Now through England's realm...'

First typed draft for lines 691 - 739, Gawain.

Gawain line 691 section typed draft #2 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1 (1of2)

Second draft of 'Now through England's realm...'

Second typescript draft of lines 691 - 739, Gawain.

Gawain line 691 section typed draft #4 from BC/MS20c/Armitage/1/21/1 (1of2)

Third draft of 'Now through England's realm...'

Third typed draft of lines 691 - 739, Gawain.

Writing a poetic translation: defending the work

Notes on the introduction to Gawain, back of Gawain notebook.

Writing a poetic translation: translating dialect

Notes on introduction to Gawain, back of Gawain notebook.

Writing a poetic translation: pronunciation

Notes for introduction to Gawain, back of Gawain notebook.

Translating Gawain Bibliography: Ecocriticism

Research resources for Simon Armitage's 'Gawain'

Armitage and Ecocriticism

Resources for studying Armitage and Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism and the Late Medieval

Extended Gawain Bibliography

These draft workings for the very first stanza of Gawain illustrate Armitage's journey as translator of the poem, from the "hesitant, tentative start" to the confident producer of this translation.

The extensive drafting for this first passage also reveals the importance of these lines as a statement of intent: these are, after all, the first lines that anyone encountering this poem will read.

By tracing the evolving drafts, we can see the care Armitage took to ensure that this section demonstrates the stylistic form the poem will follow and that alliteration, stress and rhythm are in place, whilst announcing that this is a new translation.