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Leeds Numeric: Module lecture and materials

Reference examples

Not all lecturers are happy for you to cite directly from lectures, so it is good practice to check this with your tutor. If the lecturer is drawing from a published source, you should find that source for use in your own work (you can always ask for reading suggestions if you like an idea).

Lecture

Family name, INITIAL(S) (of the lecturer). Lecture title. MODULE CODE Title of module. Teaching organisation, date and year.

Example:

Voltmer, K. Politicians and the press: models of interaction. COMM5610 Politics and the Media. University of Leeds, 17 April 2006. 

Lecture handouts

Family name, INITIAL(S). Lecture title. Lecture notes distributed in MODULE CODE Title of module. Teaching organisation, date and year.

Example:

Voltmer, K. Politicians and the press: models of interaction. Lecture notes distributed in COMM5610 Politics and the Media. University of Leeds, 17 April 2006. 

Module materials accessed in Minerva

Family name, INITIAL(S) (of the lecturer). Title. [Format accessed through Minerva, eg PowerPoint presentation]. MODULE CODE Title of module. Teaching organisation, year.

Example:

Voltmer, K. Politicians and the press: models of interaction. [PowerPoint presentation accessed through Minerva]. COMM5610 Politics and the Media. University of Leeds, 2006.

Citation examples

Standard citation

Every citation should be labelled within your text by using a number in brackets (1).
You should insert the citation number directly after a source is referred to in your text, even if this is in the middle of your sentence. It is acceptable to place a citation number at the end of a paragraph, if the entire paragraph is referring to the same source.

Examples:
Aitchison (1) suggests that language change is inevitable, but not a bad thing.
One leading expert suggests that language change is inevitable, but is not a bad thing (1).

The first item you cite is allocated number 1, the second item is allocated number 2, and so on throughout your piece of work.

Once a source has been allocated a number, this number is used again if you refer to the same source at a later point in your work.

If you use the name of the author(s) of a souce within the text and there are three or more authors for the source, then the name of the first author shoule be given, followed by the phrase "et al.".

Example:

Southgate et al. (1) emphasised that references should be presented in a consistent manner.

When to include page numbers

You should include page numbers if you quote directly from the text, paraphrase specific ideas or explanations, or use an image, diagram, table, etc. from a source.

Example:

"It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent" (1, p.24).

When referencing a single page, you should use p.

For a range of pages, use pp.

Example:

p.7 or pp.20-29.

If the page numbers are in Roman numerals, do not include p. before them.

Example:

(5, iv)

Common issues

When you're referencing with Leeds Numeric you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Numeric.

Skip straight to the issue that affects you: